High manganese steel or low-carbon alloy steel inherently possesses excellent strength and toughness. When used for excavator bucket teeth, these materials meet the strength and toughness requirements. If surface hardening techniques are further applied to them, the bucket teeth can achieve not only high wear resistance but also retain good plasticity and toughness.

Currently, the main surface hardening methods include hammer peening, shot peening, explosive hardening, and hardfacing. Among these, hardfacing is more widely used in countries such as Russia and Germany. The materials used for hardfacing mainly include WC cemented carbide and Ni-, Mo-based high-chromium white cast iron. This method can be applied both to the manufacturing of new bucket teeth and to the repair of worn-out ones.

Generally, hardfaced materials do not require additional heat treatment. However, if the welding quality is poor, the hardfaced layer may peel off during use. Moreover, researchers, based on the characteristics of composite materials and the performance requirements of excavator bucket teeth, have developed insert-type bucket teeth and electroslag cast bucket teeth using different processes. The aim is to form a wear-resistant layer on the surface while maintaining high plasticity and toughness in the core. The main advantage of this method is its simplicity, but it also demands high process quality.

In addition, with the advancement of surface engineering technologies, methods such as thermal spraying, plasma spraying, and laser cladding have also been successfully applied to excavator bucket teeth, significantly enhancing their performance.

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